How False Beliefs about Racism and Meritocracy Broke Our Economy (and How to Fix It): The Myth That Made Us

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How our false narratives about post-racism and meritocracy have been used to condone egregious economic outcomes—and what we can do to fix the system.2024 Axiom Business Book Awards – Silver Medal in EconomicsThe Myth That Made Us exposes how false narratives—of a supposedly post-racist nation, of the self-made man, of the primacy of profit- and shareholder value-maximizing for businesses, and of minimal government interference—have been used to excuse gross inequities and to shape and sustain the US economic system that delivers them. Jeff Fuhrer argues that systemic racism continues to produce vastly disparate outcomes and that our brand of capitalism favors doing little to reduce disparities. Evidence from other developed capitalist economies shows it doesn’t have to be that way. We broke this (mean-spirited) economy. We can fix it.Rather than merely laying blame at the feet of both conservatives and liberals for aiding and abetting an unjust system, Fuhrer charts a way forward. He supplements evidence from data with insights from community voices and outlines a system that provides more equal opportunity to accumulate both human and financial capital. His key areas of focus include universal access to high-quality early childhood education; more effective use of our community college system as a pathway to stable employment; restructuring key aspects of the low-wage workplace; providing affordable housing and transit links; supporting people of color by serving as mentors, coaches, and allies; and implementing Baby Bonds and Reparations programs to address the accumulated loss of wealth among Black people due to the legacy of enslavement and institutional discrimination. Fuhrer emphasizes embracing humility, research-based approaches, and community involvement as ways to improve economic opportunity.

Additional information

Weight 0.6356 kg
Dimensions 3.3274 × 16.0274 × 23.6474 cm
by

Format

Hardback

Language

Publisher

Year Published

2023-9-12

Imprint

Publication City/Country

USA

ISBN 10

0262048396

About The Author

Jeff Fuhrer is a Foundation Fellow at the Eastern Bank Foundation. He was previously Executive Vice President and Director of Research at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, where he was also responsible for the bank’s diversity and inclusion functions.

Included in Publishers Weekly's Fall 2023 Adult Announcements Business and Economics Top 10 List"A thoughtful call for equality of economic opportunity, both provocative and, in the end, eminently practical."—Kirkus Reviews“Economist Fuhrer carefully deconstructs this myth and discusses discriminatory policies designed to disadvantage people of color, such as the exclusion of domestic and agricultural workers, who were disproportionately likely to be people of color, from New Deal minimum wage and overtime pay requirements…The troubling interviews and statistics underscore the difficulty of “making it” in America, and the proposed solutions are pragmatic and well considered. Readers will be outraged by this scathing indictment of America’s failure to live up to its meritocratic ideals.”—Publishers Weekly“I have a book to recommend. It’s called “The Myth That Made Us.” It’s by Jeff Fuhrer, an economist and former director of research at the Federal Reserve of Boston, and it’s really good. In it, he examines some of our sacred truths: That success goes to those who work hard; that we live in a land of opportunity, and in a meritocracy where individual effort is appropriately rewarded; that we should keep government out of the way and let markets work their magic; that racism never existed, or no longer affects outcomes for people of color. Fuhrer, now a fellow at the Eastern Bank Foundation, used to buy into parts of that myth himself. But then, some 15 years ago, the Fed in Boston began looking closely at what was going on in former industrial cities in Massachusetts, and he got the chance to have long conversations with many people who were doing everything they were supposed to but were still struggling.”—The Boston Globe, columnist Yvonne Abraham"Fuhrer’s 30+ years of experience at the Federal Reserve also affords unique insights and evidence. First, we get an insider’s view into the myth related to certain roles of the government. The discussion of the Great Recession is one such compelling story; not only does this illustrate that government intervention is sometimes necessary, but it also points out who received the most (and least) support. Second, Fuhrer notes how his involvement with a community development initiative at the Fed led to his recognition of “gaps in mainstream economics.” The self-described change of heart may put readers in a more open mindset at the start, which is how this book should be approached. Finally, unique, especially for economists, is the inclusion of portions of interviews with economically disadvantaged individuals, which humanizes not only the detrimental consequences of the myth but also the potential solutions…This book is a nice addition to the discourse on inequality in the United States. One does not need any particular training to understand it, but interest and an open mind will help one to appreciate it fully."— Journal of Economic Literature“I welcome Fuhrer adding his voice to those challenging the massive rise in inequality that we have seen in the last half century. If we are ever to make serious progress we need to have a lot people follow his path.”—Dean Baker

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“Increasingly, race and economic opportunity are at the center of our national economic conversation. In the important book, Jeff Fuhrer takes on dogmas he believes have stalled progress and points the way towards new transformative policies. Agree or disagree, Fuhrer’s arguments deserve close attention.”—Larry Summers, University Professor and President Emeritus at Harvard University; former Secretary of the Treasury for President Clinton; Director of the National Economic Council for President Obama  “After a stellar career in central banking, Jeffrey Fuhrer has now taken an anguished but insightful look at an even more fundamental set of problems confronting our economy and our society.  His new book is an urgent call to action for America.  Even those who disagree with his proposals will respect the hard force of Fuhrer’s analysis and admire the moral commitment that stands behind it.”—Benjamin M. Friedman, Professor, Harvard University; author of The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth and Religion and the Rise of Capitalism “The Myth That Made Us compels us to recognize that wealth and affluence are built upon compounded advantages provided to the successful by others—not simply one’s own hard work and talent. Opening with a surprising reinterpretation of the Horatio Alger stories, this is a rigorous, profound, and entertaining study in truth-telling about social disparity in America.”—William Darity Jr., Samuel DuBois Cook Professor of Public Policy, African and African American Studies, Economics, and Business, Duke University“Jeff Fuhrer has written a tour de force, amassing a wide array of facts, figures, and features of institutional history to document that the US economy is characterized by high levels of income inequality, wealth inequality, and economic insecurity. The data and history reveal that the simplistic notion that hard work and motivation are enough to propel someone to economic success in the United States is naïve fiction. Fuhrer does not argue against capitalism but rather puts forward a positive vision—complete with a menu of specific policy reforms—for a US capitalist system that offers more opportunities to marginalized people and groups and yields more egalitarian results.”—Melissa S. Kearney, Neil Moskowitz Professor of Economics, University of Maryland; Director, Aspen Economic Strategy Group; author of The Two-Parent Privilege"The link between narrative and policy is undeniable. Fuhrer brilliantly demonstrates the divisive ways in which race has been weaponized to forge a so-called laissez-faire and meritocracy  policy apparatus, which has facilitated the resource deprivation of the many for the hoarding of the few. What’s more, he presents a set of authentic policy solutions that democratize economic power and redress resource deprivation so that we may actually achieve the meritocracy in which we purport." —Darrick Hamilton, University Professor, Henry Cohen Professor of Economics and Urban Policy, and founding director of the Institute on Race, Power and Political Economy at The New School"Jeffrey Fuhrer’s remarkable journey from a mainstream economist to a passionate advocate for racial and economic equity is grounded in empirical data, experiences, and proven solutions. The Myth That Made Us is a brilliant intervention backed by critical insights into capitalism’s intentional warping of work, income, wealth, education, and the damaging attribution of success and failure. Fuhrer’s insights helps us understand how inequality is by design while ignoring his solutions imperils democracy. —Thomas M Shapiro. Research Professor, The Heller School for Social Policy, Brandeis University

Table Of Content

A Note from Eastern Bank Foundation viiPreface: A Mainstream Economist Discovers His Blind Spots ixIntroduction: Like Dives before Lazarus 1Part I The Myth 131 Our National Economic Mythology 172 Public Belief in The Myth: A Survey of Polling Results 353 An Origin Story for The Myth: Roots in the Founding of the Republic 49Part II The Facts 574 How Broken Are We? Low (and Unequal) Incomes 635 How Broken Are We? The Distribution of Wealth 796 Broken Work: The Prevalence and Characteristics of "Low-Quality" Jobs 937 The Rest of the Story: More Signs of Brokenness 101Part III The Myth versus the Facts 1138 Evidence against The Myth 1179 This Is Not the Only Way: International Comparisons 131Part IV Broken by Design: How We Have Chosen to Create and Sustain Our Broken System 13710 The History of Systems That Have Been Shaped by The Myth 143Part V The Wreckage 17911 The Loss Looking Backward 18312 The Loss Looking Forward 189Part VI What Are You Prepared to Do? The Way Forward 19713 Change the Narrative 20114 How to Get There: A Program to Build Human and Financial Capital 20915 The Other Half of the Battle: Implementation Matters 239Conclusion: A Vision of Opportunity 247Acknowledgments 249Notes 255Bibliography 295Index 337

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