Science, Society, and Ecological Design: Ignorance and Surprise

List of Figures and Tables ixAcknowledgments xi1 Introduction: Brave the Unknown 1Landscapes, Precaution, and Experiment 2Objectives 6Part I Concepts2 Experiments and Surprises: Classical and ContemporaryPerspectives 13Knowledge Societies and the Inevitability of Surprises 14The Transdisciplinarity of Ecological Restoration 19New Modes of Experimental Knowledge Production 25Public Experiments: Producing Surprise and (Occasional) Delight 29Toward an Empirically Grounded Typology of Surprises 34New Nature, New Surprises: Return of an Extinct Carnivore 443 Knowledge Production and the Recurrence of Ignorance 49Knowledge in a Sea of Ignorance 50Nescience, Ignorance, and Nonknowledge 53Studying the Other Side of Knowledge 59Dynamics of the Unknown 67More Questions than Answers: The Case of Malaria Control 71Toward the Experimental Integration of Ignorance and Surprise 75Part II Practice4 Ecological Restoration and Experimental Learning 83Ecology in Society: The Shifting Boundaries of Ecological Restoration 84New Land: Shaping the Chicago Shoreline 91viii ContentsPublic Participation and Controversies over “ Real ”Nature 95Surprises Appropriated: Native Birds, Nonnative Bushes, and the Arrival of BabyDunes 99Maintaining Integrity in the Face of Surprises 106Aligning Research and Heterogeneous Social Goals 109Robust Restoration Strategies through Recursive Practice 114 5 Postindustrial Landscapes as Laboratories of Change 121 Europe ’ s Largest Landscape Construction Site 122The Design of a Lake District: New Nature in Postmining Landscapes 128Anticipated Acidifi cation and Surprising Heavy Metals 134Fleeing Forward: Fast Flooding as Acting in the Face of Nonknowledge 140Trust and Nonknowledge: Research in the Context of Its Application 143Further into the Unknown: Rising Water, Shrinking Population 149The Challenge of Keeping Surprises Surprising 155Part III Outlook 6 Welcome Surprises and New Edifi ces of Knowledge 165Modernity and the Unanticipated Consequences of Progress 166Research as Application: Toward an Experimental Knowledge Society 168Perspective: Surprises as Opportunity, Nonknowledge as a Working Base 178 Notes 183 References 197 Index 229