The Hidden Life of the Basal Ganglia: At the Base of Brain and Mind

The Hidden Life of the Basal Ganglia: At the Base of Brain and Mind

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The anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia and their relation to brain and behavior, disorders and therapies, and philosophy of mind and moral values.The main task of the basal ganglia—a group of subcortical nuclei, located at the base of the brain—is to optimize and execute our automatic behavior. In this book, Hagai Bergman analyzes the anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia, discussing their relation to brain and behavior, to disorders and therapies, and even to moral values. Drawing on his forty years of studying the basal ganglia, Bergman presents new information on physiology and computational models, Parkinson’s disease and other ganglia-related disorders, and such therapies as deep brain stimulation.            Focusing on studies of nonhuman primates and human basal ganglia and relying on system physiology and in vivo extra-cellular recording techniques, Bergman first describes the major brain structures that constitute the basal ganglia, the morphology of their cellular elements, their synaptic connectivity and their physiological function in health and disease. He discusses the computational physiology of the healthy basal ganglia, describing four generations of computational models, and then traces the computational physiology of basal ganglia–related disorders and their treatments, including Parkinson’s disease and its pharmacological and surgical therapies. Finally, Bergman considers the implications of these findings for such moral concerns as free will. Explaining this leap into domains rarely explored in neuroscientific accounts, Bergman writes that the longer he studies the basal ganglia, the more he is convinced that they are truly the base of both brain and mind.

Additional information

Weight 0.69 kg
Dimensions 2.16 × 17.78 × 4.54 cm
book-author1

Format

Paperback
Language

Pages

332
Publisher

Year Published

2021-10-12
Imprint

Publication City/Country

USA
ISBN 10

0262543117
About The Author

Hagai Bergman is Simone and Bernard Guttman Chair in Brain Research and Professor of Physiology in the Edmond and Lily Safra Center (ELSC) for Brain Research and Faculty of Medicine at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Other text

“Hagai Bergman has written a splendid, very human, and witty text; this epic odyssey into the cradle of our motions and emotions is a tour de force of translational neuroscience.”—Marwan Hariz, Emeritus Professor, University College London, and Adjunct Professor, Umeå, Sweden “This book provides a masterful summary of how these crucial sets of brain nuclei are organized functionally and affect our behavior, written by an international expert with both clinical and academic experience in working on these amazing deep brain structures.”—Ann M. Graybiel, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT “Excellent, insightful, and lively. In his unique, passionate style, Hagai Bergman takes the reader on a journey through his lifelong quest for understanding the fundamental role of the basal ganglia within the brain orchestra. A must-read for neuroscientists interested in the mechanisms of human behavior.”—Paul Krack, Head of the Center of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Neurology Department, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
Table Of Content

Preface xiAcknowledgments xiiiI Introduction and Background 1 The Basal Ganglia: Why and Where? 32 Cellular Anatomy and Biochemistry of the Basal Ganglia 153 The Synaptic Connections of the Basal Ganglia Network 274 Computational Modeling of Brain and Behavior 395 Principles of Neurophysiological Data Acquisition 436 Principles of Neurophysiological Analysis 61II Computational Physiology of the Healthy Basal Ganglia7 Physiology of the Basal Ganglia 778 Basal Ganglia Physiology: The Roads Less Traveled 899 Box-and-Arrow Rate Models of the Basal Ganglia 10510 Reinforcement-Learning Actor/Critic Models of the Basal Ganglia 11711 Multiple-Critics, Multiobjective Optimization Models of the Basal Ganglia 13312 The Basal Ganglia as one of many State-to-Action Loops 145III Computational Physiology of Basal Ganglia Disorders and their Therapy13 Parkinson's Disease and other Basal Ganglia-Related Human Disorders 16314 Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease 17115 Physiology of Parkinson's Disease: Animal Models 17916 Physiology of Parkinson's Disease: Human 19517 Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's Disease 20318 Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy for Parkinson's Disease 21519 Closing the Loop on Parkinson's Disease and Basal Ganglia-Related Disorders 225IV From the Basal Ganglia and Brain to the Mind 20 The Basal Ganglia, Free Will, and Human Responsibility 241Notes 247References 261Index 295

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